Contagious and zoonotic bacterial infection caused by Salmonella spp, of which there are >2500 serotypes. Clinically normal horses can transiently shed Salmonella, with shedding more common during:
- Concurrent illness: antibacterial usage, physiological disturbance
- Stress: transportation, social, nutritional
- Gastrointestinal disturbance: motility (especially colic), feed change
Foals are commonly more seriously affected when compared to older horses, with profound systemic illness including hemorrhagic diarrhea, pneumonia, meningitis, physitis, and septic arthritis.
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